Radford Property Tax 2026 rates hover around 0.70 percent, placing the city’s residential property tax assessment alongside the state’s Virginia property tax rates and affecting every homeowner’s 2026 property tax bill Radford; the City of Radford Finance Department publishes the official tax parcel lookup tool and a property tax calculator online at radfordva.gov, while the Radford city tax assessor office at 619 2nd Street fields calls on (540) 731‑3613 for real‑time assistance on payment deadlines, exemptions, and commercial property tax assessment Radford queries.
Radford Property Tax appeals follow a clear timeline, with the assessment notice appeal Radford process beginning after receipt of the notice and requiring contact with the Commissioner of the Revenue, Kelsey Marletta, via email at kelsey.marletta@radfordva.gov; property owners can explore Homestead exemption Virginia Radford benefits, property tax relief programs Virginia, and tax delinquent properties Radford options, while the City Treasurer’s office handles the property tax payment deadline Radford, refunds, and tax lien sale Radford details, ensuring taxpayers know exactly how to address disputes, request refunds, or qualify for abatement eligibility.
Search Radford City Property Tax
Property owners, prospective buyers, and tax professionals in Radford City can retrieve real estate assessment data through the official search portal maintained by the Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue. The portal provides current assessed values, ownership history, parcel boundaries, and tax billing records for every parcel located within the city limits. This tool serves as the primary public access point for verifying property tax obligations before a closing, refinancing, or formal appeal.
The searching process follows a structured sequence that returns accurate Radford City property tax records within seconds. Follow these steps to locate a parcel:
- Open the official Radford City government website at radfordva.gov.
- Select the Commissioner of the Revenue department from the city departments menu.
- Click the real estate appraisal search link provided on the department landing page.
- Enter the owner’s name, parcel identification number, or street address in the search field.
- Review the displayed assessment value, tax district code, acreage, and exemption status.
- Download or print the record for use in payment verification, appeals, or refinance documentation.
Users who cannot locate a record through the online portal may email the Commissioner of the Revenue for direct assistance. Walk-in visitors can request a search at the front counter inside the Radford City Municipal Building during posted business hours. The Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue serves as the official custodian of all real property tax assessment records for parcels located within the city’s corporate boundaries.
Radford City Property Tax Rates and Annual Billing Structure
Radford City operates as an independent city within the Commonwealth of Virginia, separate from any county tax structure. The real estate tax rate applies per $100 of assessed value, and the rate is set as part of the annual budget adopted by the Radford City Council. Property owners see a single consolidated tax bill each year that covers both real estate and, where applicable, personal property assessments.
The local rate is established each year by City Council and is published with the adopted budget. Commercial parcels, multi-family rentals, and industrial properties receive the same nominal rate but often carry higher assessed values, which produces larger annual bills. Reviewing the published rate each spring helps homeowners anticipate the upcoming 2026 property tax bill Radford residents will receive.
| Property Type | Assessment Basis | Frequency | Billing Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residential real estate | Fair market value | Annual | Two installments per year |
| Commercial real estate | Fair market value | Annual | Two installments per year |
| Multi-family residential | Fair market value | Annual | Two installments per year |
| Industrial real estate | Fair market value | Annual | Two installments per year |
| Personal property (vehicle) | Published value guide | Annual | One annual bill |
| Business personal property | Self-reported value | Annual | One annual bill |
Each annual real estate billing cycle is split into installments, with the first installment due on June 5, 2026, as published in the official Radford City Treasurer’s notice. Personal property taxes follow a separate single-payment schedule tied to vehicle registration dates. Property owners receive their tax bills at the mailing address on file with the Commissioner of the Revenue, so updating that address promptly after a move prevents missed notices and late penalties.
Property Tax Payment Deadlines and Accepted Methods
The Radford City Treasurer’s Office manages all tax collections, including real estate, personal property, and utility billing. Property owners receive a first installment bill each spring and a second installment bill each fall. Missing either deadline triggers penalties and interest under the Code of Virginia, which can compound quickly if left unresolved.
For the 2026 tax year, the first installment of real estate taxes carries a due date of June 5, 2026, as published in the official Radford City Treasurer’s notice. The second installment deadline falls later in the calendar year, and both dates appear on the printed bill. Failure to pay by the deadline results in cumulative penalties applied to the outstanding balance.
Taxpayers can choose from several payment methods designed to fit different schedules and preferences:
- In person at the Treasurer’s Office drop box inside the Municipal Building at 619 Second Street.
- By mail with a check postmarked on or before the deadline date.
- Online through the official Radford City payment portal at payradfordva.com.
- By bank draft or eCheck through the online portal for reduced processing fees.
For payment-related questions, contact the Treasurer’s Office at 540-731-3661. Online payments offer the convenience of same-day processing, an electronic receipt, and the option to enroll in paperless billing. Mailing a payment requires careful attention to the postmark rule, since the U.S. Postal Service postmark date governs the deadline, not the date the Treasurer’s Office receives the envelope.
Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue and Assessment Office
The Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue functions as the chief assessing officer for the city, responsible for valuing real estate, auditing business personal property returns, and administering most local tax relief programs. The office holds authority over exemption approvals, classification of property types, and the annual reassessment cycle that establishes the basis for every real estate bill.
Residents can reach the office by emailing Commissioner of the Revenue Kelsey Marletta at kelsey.marletta@radfordva.gov. For assessment or tax relief questions, the Commissioner of the Revenue’s office can also be reached by phone using the contact information published on the official city website. The physical office sits inside the Radford City Municipal Building at 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141, where staff assist walk-in visitors with assessment questions, exemption applications, and parcel research. The mailing address mirrors the physical location for any correspondence requiring paper delivery.
The office handles a wide range of taxpayer services that extend well beyond the annual assessment cycle:
- Processing new applications for tax relief programs for elderly and disabled residents.
- Reviewing business personal property filings and tangible asset declarations.
- Updating ownership records after a deed transfer or property settlement.
- Issuing corrected tax bills when an assessment error is identified.
- Coordinating with the Treasurer’s Office on refund requests and credit balances.
Working with the Commissioner of the Revenue early in any tax dispute typically produces faster resolutions than waiting until penalties accrue. The office routinely reviews informal assessment complaints before the formal appeal window opens, and staff can often identify data errors that adjust a bill downward without a hearing.
How to Look Up Parcels and Property Records Online
The Radford City property tax parcel lookup tool gives residents a free, no-login path to current assessment data. Users enter a parcel number, owner name, or street address into the search field and receive an instant record summary. Each record includes the assessed land value, assessed improvement value, total assessed value, tax map reference, and current exemption status.
The direct portal for this lookup is linked from the Commissioner’s main page on the city website at https://www.radfordva.gov. Users can also access the broader city portal at the same address to find additional forms, published tax rates, and contact directories. Bookmarking both pages simplifies future research and helps property owners monitor changes after each reassessment cycle.
For deed recordings, liens, and court-filed property documents, the Radford City Circuit Court Clerk’s Office maintains a separate records system accessible through the Virginia courts website. Users researching title history, prior liens, or recorded judgments must consult this court-based system rather than the Commissioner of the Revenue’s assessment portal.
When conducting online parcel research, follow these practical steps to get the most accurate results:
- Start with the parcel identification number when available, since it produces the cleanest match.
- Search by street address if the parcel number is unknown, and confirm the spelling against the deed.
- Use the owner’s last name plus first initial to narrow ambiguous results.
- Compare the assessed value against recent sale prices in the same neighborhood.
- Print or save the record for use during any subsequent appeal or refinance process.
Filing a Property Tax Appeal in Radford City
Property owners who believe their Radford City assessment exceeds fair market value can challenge the figure through a formal appeal process governed by Virginia law. The right to appeal stems from the Code of Virginia, which gives every property owner a defined window to file with the local Board of Equalization. Acting within the posted deadline preserves the right to a hearing.
Virginia localities set their own appeal windows, and Radford City follows a deadline framework that typically falls in the spring for the upcoming tax year. The exact filing date appears on each assessment notice and on the city website, so reviewing the notice promptly after receipt remains the single most important step. Filing late forfeits the appeal right for that assessment cycle.
An effective appeal requires evidence showing that the assessed value exceeds the property’s actual market value as of the valuation date. Strong evidence packages often include the following items:
- A recent independent appraisal from a licensed Virginia-certified appraiser.
- Comparable sales data for similar properties that sold within the past year.
- Photographs documenting any condition issues that affect value.
- Documentation of adverse influences such as flood zones, easements, or structural defects.
- A sales contract for a pending or recent purchase below the assessed value.
The appeal moves through three stages if the initial filing proceeds. First, staff at the Commissioner of the Revenue’s office review the application and supporting evidence. Second, the Board of Equalization conducts a hearing where the owner may present testimony and respond to questions. Third, the Board issues a written decision, and a dissatisfied owner may pursue further review through the circuit court under Virginia appeal statutes.
Reviewing the published appeal application on the city website before the deadline helps owners prepare complete submissions. The form requires basic parcel data, the requested value, and a brief explanation of the basis for the appeal. Owners who need help preparing evidence can contact the Commissioner of the Revenue’s office to ask about comparable sales files the locality already maintains.
Property Tax Exemptions and Local Relief Programs
Radford City administers several property tax relief programs that reduce or eliminate tax liability for qualifying residents. Each program carries its own income limits, asset thresholds, and application procedures, so reviewing eligibility criteria before applying prevents delays. Most applications must be renewed annually to maintain eligibility.
The Tax Relief Program for Elderly and Disabled Persons offers up to 100 percent relief from real estate taxes for qualifying homeowners. The Radford City Council recently updated the program to expand the yearly maximum income limit and total asset threshold, making more residents eligible than in prior years. Applicants must own and occupy the property as their primary residence and meet the age or disability requirements.
| Program | Eligible Applicants | Benefit Type | Renewal Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly/Disabled Tax Relief | Age 65+ or permanently disabled | Up to 100% real estate tax relief | Annual |
| Disabled Veteran Relief | Veteran with service-connected disability | Partial or full exemption | Annual |
| Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran | Spouse of qualifying veteran | Partial or full exemption | Annual |
| Homestead Exemption (equity protection) | Primary residence owner | Recorded protection of home equity | One-time filing |
| General $5,000 Exemption | All property owners | Reduction in assessed value | Filed with locality |
Statewide veteran categories operate as mandatory exemptions, meaning Radford City must apply them to any qualifying parcel without local discretion. Disabled veterans, surviving spouses of disabled veterans, and surviving spouses of service members killed in action receive property tax relief based on the percentage of service-connected disability. Confirming veteran status through the Virginia Department of Veterans Services speeds up the application.
Local programs require active filing with the Commissioner of the Revenue, and staff can confirm which documents to submit for each program. Common requirements include proof of age, federal disability determinations, income statements, and asset disclosures. Filing early in the year prevents a gap in exemption status that could produce a higher bill than expected.
Homestead Exemption Eligibility and Filing Steps
Virginia protects a portion of home equity used as a principal residence through a recorded Homestead Deed, and the protection amount currently sits at $50,000 of equity. The figure increased from $25,000 on July 1, 2026, reflecting a state-level update to homeowner protections. Recording the document with the circuit court creates a legal shield that helps preserve equity in the event of a creditor claim.
The Homestead Exemption operates differently from a tax reduction exemption. Instead of lowering the annual tax bill, it places a lien on a portion of the home’s equity that creditors cannot reach in most cases. Homeowners who file the recorded document gain the protection automatically, but the filing must occur at the circuit court clerk’s office before any qualifying claim arises.
Virginia also offers a general $5,000 real estate exemption that applies to every primary residence, and that amount increases to $10,000 for homeowners age 65 or older. An additional $500 exemption applies per dependent claimed on the property. These amounts run alongside local exemptions, so stacking them with the Radford City Elderly/Disabled program produces substantial savings for qualifying residents.
Recording a Homestead Deed requires a simple, standardized form available from the circuit court clerk. The process follows these steps:
- Obtain the Homestead Deed form from the Radford City Circuit Court Clerk’s Office or download it from the Virginia court system.
- Complete the form with the property description, owner data, and signature.
- Bring the form to the clerk’s office for recording along with the required filing fee.
- Retain the recorded copy for personal records and future reference.
- Confirm with the Commissioner of the Revenue that the homestead status appears in the assessment record.
Homeowners should understand that the Homestead Exemption is not automatic in Virginia. The protection only takes effect after the deed is recorded with the circuit court. Filing before any creditor event maximizes the value of the protection.
Residential and Commercial Property Tax Assessment Differences
Radford City assesses residential and commercial properties using the same fair market value standard, but the data sources and valuation methods differ. Residential assessments typically rely on mass appraisal models calibrated against recent sales of comparable single-family homes, townhomes, and condominiums within the city. Commercial assessments draw on income data, rental rates, expense ratios, and comparable commercial sales in addition to the cost approach.
Commercial property owners file a business personal property return each year declaring furniture, fixtures, equipment, and other tangible assets. The Commissioner of the Revenue’s office audits these filings to confirm accuracy and may adjust reported values when supporting documentation reveals discrepancies. Maintaining organized records of asset purchases, disposals, and depreciation schedules simplifies the audit and reduces the risk of an inflated assessment.
Residential appeals frequently succeed when owners present a recent appraisal or comparable sales that demonstrate a lower market value. Commercial appeals require a more technical presentation, often including an income capitalization analysis or a rent roll comparison. Engaging a Virginia-certified commercial appraiser strengthens the evidence for a complex commercial appeal.
Key differences between the two assessment types include:
- Residential parcels receive a uniform assessment cycle tied to the citywide reassessment schedule.
- Commercial parcels may receive an interim review if the underlying business reports a change in operations.
- Residential exemption programs target individual homeowners, while commercial relief focuses on economic development incentives.
- Personal property on the residential side includes vehicles, while commercial personal property covers business assets.
Property owners planning to expand, renovate, or change the use of a commercial parcel should notify the Commissioner of the Revenue’s office in advance. Advance notice allows staff to flag the parcel for a reassessment and prevents the owner from facing an unexpected tax bill based on a delayed review.
Tax Delinquent Properties and Lien Sale Procedures
Real estate taxes that remain unpaid past the deadline enter delinquency status, and Virginia law authorizes localities to pursue collection through tax liens and eventual foreclosure. Radford City follows the standard Virginia process, which includes formal notice, a published delinquent list, and a court-ordered sale if the balance remains unresolved. Property owners who fall behind should contact the Treasurer’s Office as soon as possible to discuss payment options.
The Treasurer’s Office typically publishes a delinquent taxpayer list after the second installment deadline, listing each parcel with an outstanding balance. Publication triggers a defined notice period during which the owner can pay the past-due amount plus accumulated penalties and interest. Resolving the balance during the notice period avoids further collection action.
When a property sells at a tax sale for more than the delinquent tax amount, the excess funds become surplus funds. Surplus funds belong to the former property owner or other parties with a legal interest in the parcel, and recovering them requires a separate filing with the circuit court. Real estate attorneys experienced in Virginia tax sale surplus recovery handle most claims on behalf of former owners.
Property owners facing delinquency can pursue several options to stop the lien sale process:
- Pay the full past-due balance plus penalties and interest before the published sale date.
- Request a payment plan from the Treasurer’s Office if the full amount presents hardship.
- Apply for an active tax relief program that retroactively cancels the liability.
- File a formal bankruptcy petition that triggers an automatic stay on collection.
- Sell the property voluntarily and use the proceeds to satisfy the tax debt at closing.
Buyers interested in tax sale parcels should research the title carefully, since liens, judgments, and other encumbrances may survive the sale. Virginia publishes a statewide tax sale calendar each year that helps investors track upcoming sales across all localities. Reviewing the calendar alongside the Radford City delinquent list provides a complete picture of available opportunities.
Property Tax Refund Requests in Radford City
Property owners who overpay their taxes or who receive a corrected assessment that lowers the bill can request a refund through the Treasurer’s Office. Refund requests typically arise from duplicate payments, assessment reductions after an appeal, or exemption approvals that retroactively apply to a prior tax year. Filing the request promptly after identifying the overpayment speeds the refund.
The refund process begins with a written request submitted to the Treasurer’s Office along with supporting documentation. Common supporting documents include a copy of the original tax bill, proof of payment, the corrected assessment notice, and the exemption approval letter. The Treasurer’s Office reviews the request, confirms the overpayment with the Commissioner of the Revenue, and issues a refund check or a credit applied to the next tax bill.
Refund timing depends on the complexity of the underlying adjustment. Simple overpayments caused by duplicate submissions often process within a few weeks. Refunds tied to an appeal decision or an exemption approval can take longer, since the adjustment must flow through the assessment system before the Treasurer releases the funds. Property owners who need the refund urgently can request an expedited review by contacting the Treasurer’s Office directly at 540-731-3661.
Tracking payments throughout the year helps identify overpayments before they linger for multiple billing cycles. Online payment receipts, bank statements, and printed bills all serve as useful documentation if a refund becomes necessary. Property owners who refinance or transfer title mid-year should pay particular attention to prorated tax adjustments at closing.
Radford Tax District Map and GIS Parcel Access
The Radford City tax district map shows the boundaries of every parcel within city limits, with each parcel linked to its current assessment record. The map serves as the spatial foundation for the Commissioner of the Revenue’s records, and it helps owners verify that their parcel lines, acreage, and zoning classification match the official data. Discrepancies between the map and the actual property should be reported to the assessing office for correction.
GIS parcel access in Radford City is available through the city website alongside the real estate appraisal portal. Users can search by address, parcel number, or owner name and view the parcel boundary overlaid on aerial imagery. The combination of textual and visual data makes it easier to spot mapping errors, encroachments, or boundary disputes before they become legal issues.
Real estate professionals, title examiners, and surveyors rely on the GIS layer to confirm legal descriptions, easements, and right-of-way dedications. Pulling a current GIS snapshot before closing on a transaction prevents surprises related to parcel size, shape, or access points. Homeowners planning a fence, addition, or detached structure can use the same tools to verify setback requirements before breaking ground.
Key features of the Radford City GIS parcel viewer include:
- Parcel boundary lines displayed over current aerial photography.
- Parcel identification numbers linked to assessment details.
- Street centerlines and address points for accurate navigation.
- Zoning overlays that highlight permitted uses within each district.
- Measurement tools for calculating area, frontage, and setback distances.
Reporting a mapping error to the Commissioner of the Revenue’s office triggers a review by GIS staff who verify the issue against recorded plats and deeds. Confirmed errors result in a corrected map layer and, where the mapping error affected an assessment, a reassessment of the parcel.
Property Tax Audit Procedure and Compliance
The Commissioner of the Revenue’s office conducts audits of business personal property returns to confirm that reported values match the underlying asset records. Audits also cover income-producing real estate, where rental income and operating expenses inform the income approach to value. Compliance with audit requests prevents penalties and keeps the assessment aligned with actual market conditions.
Audit notices typically arrive by mail and identify the tax years under review, the documentation required, and the deadline for response. Business owners who receive a notice should gather the requested records promptly, since delays can lead to a default assessment based on the Commissioner’s best estimate. Working cooperatively with the auditor often produces a smoother outcome than withholding requested data.
Common audit triggers include significant year-over-year changes in reported assets, mismatches between reported values and industry benchmarks, and tips from competing businesses about underreported assets. Real estate audits may focus on rental properties with reported rents that appear below market. The Commissioner has statutory authority to subpoena records when a taxpayer fails to cooperate voluntarily.
Taxpayers who disagree with an audit result can appeal through the same channels available for any other assessment dispute. Requesting an informal review with the assessing officer often resolves factual disagreements without a formal hearing. Taxpayers who want professional representation may engage a Virginia-licensed accountant, attorney, or appraiser familiar with local assessment practices.
Virginia Department of Taxation Oversight
The Virginia Department of Taxation provides statewide oversight for local property tax administration, including certification of professional assessors and publication of uniform appraisal standards. The Department publishes the Roster of Certified Professional Assessors that localities must consult when contracting for assessment services. Only proposals from certified assessors on the current roster receive consideration for local assessment contracts.
Radford City relies on the Department for technical assistance, training resources, and statutory interpretation on complex tax issues. When a property tax question involves a state-level program, exemption, or compliance matter, the Department serves as the final authority on the underlying rule. Local offices implement the Department’s guidance through their daily procedures.
Property owners with statewide concerns can submit inquiries directly to the Department through its published contact channels. Taxpayers who believe a local office has misapplied a state-level rule may file a formal complaint with the Department for review. The Department investigates complaints and issues findings that the locality must follow when a state-level violation is confirmed.
Coordination between Radford City and the Department ensures that the local property tax system aligns with statewide standards while preserving the city’s authority over local rate decisions. The two-tier structure gives Virginia homeowners a consistent framework for tax administration across all 95 counties and 38 independent cities. Reviewing the Department’s published resources helps residents understand their rights and obligations under state law.
Contact, Local Details, and Map
The Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue and the Radford City Circuit Court Clerk’s Office operate from the Radford City Municipal Building at 619 2nd Street in downtown Radford. Both offices serve as the primary points of contact for property tax assessment, exemption processing, and recorded property documents. Residents can reach each office during posted business hours or visit the front counter for in-person service.
| Department | Address | Phone | Official Website | Public Search Portal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radford City Commissioner of the Revenue (Tax Assessor) | 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141 | See official website | https://www.radfordva.gov | https://www.radfordva.gov |
| Radford City Circuit Court Clerk’s Office (Deed Recorder) | 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141 | See official website | https://www.radfordva.gov | https://www.vacourts.gov |
Official Website (Tax Assessor): https://www.radfordva.gov
Public Search Portal (Tax Assessor): https://www.radfordva.gov
Email (Tax Assessor): kelsey.marletta@radfordva.gov
Physical Address (Tax Assessor): 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141
Mailing Address (Tax Assessor): 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141
Official Website (Deed Recorder): https://www.radfordva.gov
Direct Public Search Portal (Deed Recorder): https://www.vacourts.gov
Physical Address (Deed Recorder): 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141
Mailing Address (Deed Recorder): 619 2nd Street, Radford, VA 24141
Treasurer’s Office (Payments): 540-731-3661
Payment Portal: payradfordva.com
The Municipal Building sits in downtown Radford, with public parking available along 2nd Street and adjacent city lots. Visitors approaching from Interstate 81 should follow posted highway directions into the downtown business district to reach the building entrance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Radford property tax matters affect every homeowner, buyer, and investor in the city. Knowing how to find your bill, meet payment deadlines, claim exemptions, and appeal assessments keeps your finances stable. The City of Radford Commissioner of the Revenue office offers online tools, phone help, and in‑person services to make these tasks clear and fast.
What is the 2026 property tax payment deadline for Radford residents?
The first installment for the 2026 real‑estate tax bill is due on Friday, June 5, 2026. Pay the amount by mail, in person at the Treasurer’s Office (619 Second Street), or through the city’s online portal at payradfordva.com. Paying on or before the deadline avoids penalties and interest. If you cannot meet the date, contact the Treasurer’s Office at (540) 731‑3661 to discuss payment plans.
How can I look up my Radford property tax parcel and assessment?
Visit the Real‑Estate App portal at https://www.radfordva.gov/2382/Real-Estate-App. Enter the parcel number or owner name to view assessed value, tax bill, and ownership history. The page shows a map of parcel boundaries and any exemptions applied. For help, call the Commissioner of the Revenue at (540) 731‑3613 during business hours.
Which exemptions are available for residential property owners in Radford?
Radford follows Virginia’s homestead exemption rules. Homeowners can protect $50,000 of equity plus a $5,000 general exemption; seniors 65 or older receive an extra $5,000. Disabled veterans may qualify for additional relief. To claim, file a Homestead Deed with the Circuit Court Clerk and submit the exemption form to the Commissioner of the Revenue before the tax bill is issued.
How do I appeal an assessed property value in Radford?
First, review your assessment notice for errors. Gather recent sales data, appraisals, or repair receipts that support a lower value. File an appeal form with the Commissioner of the Revenue office before the filing deadline, which the notice will state (often March 15). Submit documents by mail or in person at 619 2nd Street, Room 149. After review, you may request a hearing with the Board of Equalization.
Where can I find help if my Radford property tax bill is delinquent?
Contact the Treasurer’s Office at (540) 731‑3661 right away. They can explain the amount owed, any accrued interest, and options for a payment plan. The city may place a lien on the property if the bill remains unpaid for 60 days. For detailed guidance, visit the Treasurer’s portal on the official website or ask to speak with a tax collector representative.
